YOZUVNING PAYDO BO‘LISHI VA ADABIYOT TARAQQIYOTI
The Emergence of Writing and the Development of Literature
Yozuvning kashf etilishi adabiyotni inson xotirasining chegarasidan ozod qilgan va uni mustaqil san’at turiga aylantirgan hal qiluvchi omil bo‘ldi. Maqolada piktografiyadan alifboga qadar bo‘lgan yo‘l, og‘zaki ijoddan yozma adabiyotga o‘tish jarayoni, yozuvning muallif, janr va matn barqarorligi tushunchalariga ta’siri, shuningdek turkiy yozma adabiyot tajribasi tarixiy-qiyosiy va tavsifiy usullar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari yozuvning adabiyot uchun shunchaki qayd vositasi emas, balki yangi janrlar, yangi mualliflik ongi va yangi o‘quvchi tipini vujudga keltirgan madaniy texnologiya ekanini ko‘rsatadi.
The invention of writing freed literature from the limits of human memory and turned it into an independent art form. This article examines the path from pictography to the alphabet, the transition from oral composition to written literature, the effect of writing on the notions of authorship, genre and textual fixity, and the experience of Turkic written literature, using historical-comparative and descriptive methods. Writing emerges not as a mere recording device but as a cultural technology that produced new genres, a new authorial consciousness and a new type of reader.