AXLOQ TUSHUNCHASINING LINGVOMADANIY JIHATLARI: INGLIZ VA O‘ZBEK TILLARINI QIYOSIY O‘RGANISH

Ushbu maqola ingliz va oʻzbek tillari materiallariga asoslangan holda axloq konseptini lingvokulturologik nuqtai nazardan oʻrganadi. Tadqiqot ikkala tildagi leksik birliklar, frazeologik iboralar, maqol-u hikmatlar va konseptual metaforalar orqali axloqiy qadriyatlar qanday ifodalanishini tahlil qiladi hamda umumbashariy va milliy-madaniy xususiyatlarni aniqlaydi. Nazariy asos sifatida V.A. Maslovaning lingvokulturologik yondashuvi, G. Lakoff va M. Jonsonning konseptual metafora nazariyasi, shuningdek D. Xudoyberganova va Sh. Safarovning oʻzbek tilshunosligidagi ilmiy merosidan foydalanildi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni koʻrsatadiki, ikkala tilda ham axloq konsepti umumiy semantik asosga ega boʻlsa-da, uning madaniy koʻrinishlari sezilarli darajada farqlanadi: ingliz tilidagi axloqiy diskurs individualistik, aqlga asoslangan etika anʻanasini aks ettirsa, oʻzbek tilidagi axloqiy diskurs kollektivistik, dinga yoʻnaltirilgan va or-nomusga asoslangan qadriyatlar tizimiga singib ketgan. Tadqiqotning muhim xulosalaridan biri shuki, axloq oʻzbek tilida yadroli konsept sifatida namoyon boʻladi, vijdon, nomus, iymon va insof esa uning alohida konseptual tarkibiy qismlari hisoblanadi.

This article investigates the morality concept through a linguocultural lens, drawing on comparative data from English and Uzbek. The analysis focuses on how moral values are reflected in the lexical composition, phraseological stock, proverbial wisdom, and conceptual metaphor systems of both languages, thereby revealing shared human values alongside culture-bound distinctions. The study builds on the linguocultural tradition of V.A. Maslova, the cognitive-metaphorical framework of G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, and the Uzbek scholarly perspectives of D. Xudoyberganova and Sh. Safarov. Results indicate that although both languages share a common semantic foundation for moral concepts, their cultural realizations are markedly different: English moral discourse is grounded in individualist, rational-ethical norms, whereas Uzbek moral discourse is shaped by collectivist, faith-based, and honor-regulated values. A key contribution of this study is the terminological clarification that axloq serves as the nuclear moral concept in Uzbek, while vijdon, nomus, iymon, and insof represent its constituent conceptual components.