MATN VA NUQTNING LINGVISTIK TASHHRI: CHEGARALAR, FUNKSIYALAR VA YONDASHLASHLAR.
THE LINGUISTIC INTERPRETATION OF TEXT AND DISCOURSE: BOUNDARIES, FUNCTIONS AND APPROACHES
Zamonaviy tilshunoslikda matn va diskurs tushunchalari o‘zaro bog‘liq, biroq mohiyatan farqlanuvchi til hodisalari sifatida talqin etiladi. Matn odatda semantik yaxlitlikka ega bo‘lgan tartibli va bog‘langan lisoniy tuzilma sifatida izohlansa, diskurs interaktiv, situativ hamda ijtimoiy shartlangan kommunikativ hodisa sifatida tavsiflanadi. Mazkur maqolada ushbu ikki tushunchaning nazariy asoslari lingvistik, pragmatik, funksional va kognitiv yondashuvlar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda matn shakllanishi bilan diskursiv jarayon o‘rtasidagi farqlovchi mezonlarni aniqlashga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Tahlil natijalari matnni barqaror verbal mahsul sifatida, diskursni esa kommunikativ niyat, kontekstual omillar va muloqot ishtirokchilari o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro ta’sir asosida mazmun hosil qiluvchi jarayon sifatida namoyon etadi. Tadqiqotda diskurs matnni yuzaga keltiruvchi kommunikativ muhit sifatida qaraladigan kompleks lingvistik yondashuvning ahamiyati ta’kidlanadi.
In modern linguistics, the notions of text and discourse are interpreted as interrelated yet fundamentally distinct phenomena within language theory. While text is commonly associated with an organized and cohesive linguistic structure possessing semantic integrity, discourse is characterized by its interactive, situational and socially conditioned nature. This article explores the theoretical foundations of both concepts through linguistic, pragmatic, functional and cognitive approaches. Particular attention is devoted to identifying the criteria that differentiate textual formation from discursive interaction. The findings reveal that text constitutes a fixed verbal product, whereas discourse represents the process of meaning construction shaped by communicative intentions, contextual factors, and participant interaction. The study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive linguistic framework in which discourse serves as the communicative environment generating textual outcomes.